Veinticinco años de efectos territoriales de la inclusión de paisajes en la lista del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO: Las Médulas (España) y Val d’Orcia (Italia), 1997-2022

It analyses the functioning of the heritage protection process in relation to the inscription of landscapes as UNESCO cultural properties and the territorial effects it produces. The review of the evolution of Val d'Orcia, a successful Italian case, and Las Médulas, a Spanish case with great heritage value that is currently being reconsidered, reveals useful elements for a better orientation of implementation strategies. Success factors for the processes of landscape protection and enhancement include the population of the territory, the identification of the value by this population and the type of registration process. The essential role of civil society for an active and effective protection and enhancement of landscapes as cultural assets becomes a criterion for evaluation in relation to building new opportunities.